What are autonomous body parts?
You have probably all experienced it: you’re reading a book—maybe a romance or a mystery novel—and suddenly, you grind to a halt and wonder where all these zombies are coming from.
I’m talking about sentences like these:
Her eyes followed Kathryn around the room.
Her fist knocked on the door.
He dropped his eyes to the floor.
His arms wrapped around her hips.
The wording of these sentences makes it appear as if the body parts take on a life of their own and act independently of the character. It can cause comical images to flash through readers’ minds and will throw them out of the story.
In addition, disembodied body parts distance readers from the characters by taking the spotlight away from them.
Sometimes, these sentence constructions also lead to dangling participles such as:
Gazing through the windshield, her fingers clutched the steering wheel.
How do you avoid autonomous body parts in your writing?
Make your characters, not their body parts, the subject of the sentence. If your characters’ eyes are the offenders, you can often replace the word eyes with gaze.
So one way to rewrite the above sentences might be:
Her gaze followed Kathryn around the room.
She knocked on the door.
He lowered his gaze to the floor.
He wrapped his arms around her hips.
Gazing through the windshield, she clutched the steering wheel.
Does that mean it’s always wrong to use autonomous body parts and you need to eliminate them all?
Some editors would certainly say so and will always edit them out, no matter what, but I think they can have their uses every now and then.
Body parts as the subject of a sentence can be used to indicate that it’s an involuntary, unconscious action.
Her lips twitched.
His hands shook.
Her arms flailed.
His hand automatically reached for the cigarette pack.
They can also be used when the point of view character doesn’t know who the body parts belong to:
Strong arms grabbed her from behind.
Every now and then, making body parts the subject of the sentence is also necessary to vary sentence structure, especially in gay and lesbian fiction, where you’d otherwise end up with a string of sentences starting with she or he.
So, my advice would be to avoid autonomous body parts most of the time. Use them only if you want to achieve a certain effect and make sure you’re not making your readers think of zombies—unless, of course, you’re actually writing a novel about undead creatures.
Writers, how do you handle autonomous body parts? Please leave a comment.
7 Responses
Oh thank you!
This was very helpful. 🙂
Thanks for reading. I’m glad you find it helpful. Happy writing!
Good points. One of my non favourites when reading is – eyebrows that waggle. I’ve never seen anyone waggle their eyebrows. Raise maybe, but waggle? No.
Very true. I think most of us writers have plenty of autonomous body parts in their first drafts, and that’s okay, as long as most of them are later edited out. Thanks for reading!
Groucho Marx may have waggled his eyebrows, where waggle means to raise and lower repeatedly.
Excellent points well said thank you for the article. Continues to be valuable many years later. Placeholders and understanding what to do with them particularly related to the human body is very worth it. I wonder what it would look like to discover the character’s deep unseen emotion or chemistry in the body that causes these automatic movements. And share that with the reader. I am going to try this and would be very curious to see what others discover.
That’s certainly an interesting idea. If it fits your story and doesn’t distract from it, I say go for it!